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Views: 0 Author: Site Editor Publish Time: 2022-08-02 Origin: Site
Cylinders are commonly used power elements in mechanical equipment. It converts the pressure energy of compressed air into mechanical energy, and the drive mechanism realizes reciprocating linear motion, swing or rotary motion. There are many types of cylinders, including mini pneumatic cylinder, thin cylinder, biaxial cylinder, tie rod air cylinder, rodless air cylinder, pneumatic gripper cylinder and rotating pneumatic cylinder.
The design calculation of the theoretical output force of the pneumatic air cylinder is similar to that of the hydraulic cylinder, and can refer to the design calculation of the hydraulic cylinder. For example, the thrust of a double-acting single piston rod cylinder is calculated as follows:
Theoretical thrust (piston rod extension) Ft1=A1p,
Theoretical pulling force (piston rod retracted) Ft2=A2p,
Ft1, Ft2 refer to the theoretical output force of the cylinder (N),
A1, A2 refer to the area of the piston without rod cavity and rod cavity (m2),
p refers to the working pressure of the cylinder (Pa).
The formula to determine the output force of the cylinder is: F = A x P.
F = cylinder force (lbs),
A = cylinder bore area (unit^2),
P = applied pressure (pounds per square inch)
In practice, the actual output force of the piston rod is less than the theoretical thrust due to the inertial force of the moving parts such as the piston and the friction force of the seal. This thrust is the actual output force of the cylinder. The efficiency n of the cylinder is the ratio of the actual thrust of the cylinder to the theoretical thrust, that is, the efficiency of the cylinder depends on the type of seal, the inner surface of the cylinder and the processing state of the piston rod and the lubrication state. In addition, the movement speed of the compact air cylinder, the pressure of the exhaust chamber, the external load condition and the pipe condition will all have a certain influence on the efficiency.
From the research on the operating characteristics of the cylinder, it is difficult to accurately determine the actual output force of the cylinder. Therefore, when studying cylinder performance and determining cylinder output, the concept of load factor is often used. The load factor β of the cylinder is defined as the actual load of the cylinder is determined by the actual working conditions. If the cylinder load factor β is determined, the theoretical output force of the cylinder can be determined by the definition, so that the bore diameter of the guided pneumatic cylinder can be calculated.
For resistive loads, such as the cylinder used as a pneumatic fixture, the load does not generate inertial force, and the load factor β is generally selected as 0.8. For inertial loads, if the cylinder is used to push the workpiece, the load will generate inertial force. The value of load factor β is as follows:
β＜0.65 When the cylinder moves at low speed, v ＜100 mm/s;
β＜0.5 When the cylinder moves at a medium speed, v=100～500 mm/s;
β＜0.35 When the cylinder moves at high speed, v＞500 mm/s.
The air consumption of a miniature pneumatic cylinder is the volume that the piston moves per minute, and this volume is called the compressed air consumption. In general, the air consumption of a cylinder refers to the free air consumption.
The characteristics of the cylinder are divided into static characteristics and dynamic characteristics. The former refers to the minimum working pressure, maximum working pressure, friction resistance and other parameters that are closely related to the output force and air consumption of the cylinder. The latter refers to the changes of the air pressure, temperature, piston speed, displacement and other parameters in the two chambers of the cylinder over time during the movement of the cylinder. It can truly reflect the working performance of the cylinder.